Asthenozoospermia is when less than 42% of sperm are motile, limiting their ability to reach and fertilise the egg.
Sperm motility is critical for natural conception — sperm must swim through cervical mucus, the uterus, and into the fallopian tube to reach the egg. Asthenozoospermia is diagnosed when less than 42% of sperm demonstrate progressive motility. Severely reduced motility (total motility <40%) makes natural conception very unlikely and IUI moderately effective, while ICSI bypasses the need for motility altogether.
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